A Taoist Classic: Chuang-Tzu

Fung Yu-Lan ... [Goo?] [Posters]

This Hardcover Book item from Foreign Languages Pr was reviewed on 21-Oct-2008.

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1) Hardcover Book A Taoist Classic: Chuang-Tzu by Foreign Languages Pr. This book contains the "inner chapters," not the entire Chuang Tzu, but generally considered the essential and least corrupt chapters. It´s one of my favorite books, and after reading Watson´s translation I´m unable to read anyone else´s - it´s wonderful (and there are quite a few weak versions, and weaker paraphrases). Of the Chinese classics I´ve read this is not only the most subtle and profound, it´s sometimes absolutely hilarious. His parodies of Confucianism are a riot, his magical unrealism is timeless, his man dreaming he´s a butterfly - or is it the other way around? - the useless tree that´s preserved itself so long by being useless, not like all those fructiferous trees .... It´s a rare combination of inane silliness with serious reflections on human nature, existence, nature and metaphysics (if that´s the right term).¤

2) Hardcover Book A Taoist Classic: Chuang-Tzu by Foreign Languages Pr. The Chuang Tzu (rendered Zhuangzi in pinyin, which is becoming the standard transliteration these days) is second only to Lao Tzu´s Tao Te Ching in its popularity and veneration in the Taoist world. If you´ve not heard of or read this book before, you´re in for a real treat! The first time I read the Inner Chapters of the Chuang Tzu was like a revelation--the thoughts and ideas expressed in these passages still resonate today for their acuity, humor, satire, stabbing profundity, and life-changing potential. Indeed, after better understanding the thought this book expresses, I felt like so many loose ideas and insights I´d gleaned from other philosophy, literature, music, and poetry had been tied up together and formulated into a concise and elegant package that is urgently relevant to every day life--pretty amazing for a text that is well over 2000 years old!


I recently completed reading the last of three complete translations of the Chuang Tzu, and I decided to wait until I read all of them before reviewing any of the three. Since this text is written in ancient Chinese, a language that was reserved for the intellectual and cultural elite two thousand years ago and has been considered effectively "dead" (like Latin) for quite a while, even understanding what the author(s) were trying to say is difficult, let alone translating the words from Chinese to English. So I figured reading a few different translations is probably the best way to get a broad and deep understanding of the text, and the cumulative effect would make up for each translation´s weaknesses. This proved a good strategy--the other translations I chose were Victor Mair´s Wandering on the Way: Early Taoist Tales and Parables of Chuang Tzu and A.C. Graham´s The Inner Chapters. All three were rewarding and worthwhile reads (I mean, it IS the Chuang Tzu!), but I still come back to Burton Watson´s The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu as my favorite. I won´t go into depth about what the Chuang Tzu says, since the writing in the text is so eloquent and vivid that any description won´t do it justice, and because I would probably ramble on forever about either the academic issues and questions regarding the text´s authorship, historicity, and philosophy, or about how mind-blowingly intellectually stimulating it is!

After reading three different translations of the Chuang Tzu, I have to say that this Basic Writings translated by Watson is the best place for the uninitiated to start--it contains nearly all the best ideas and passages from the text (which has many interpolations from other, later authors that are often not as interesting and never as well-written as the ideas expressed in the Inner Chapters). Graham´s translation is very academically rigorous, but makes Chuang Tzu´s already distant culture and time period even more distant for new readers by means of very technical terminology and commentary. Mair´s translation is good but doesn´t flow as well as Watson´s, and it´s also much longer since it contains the entire Chuang Tzu. Watson´s Complete Works is great, but this Basic Writings is much cheaper and more concise an introduction--once you read it and get hooked on the surprisingly fresh insights of these ancient thinkers, perhaps you´ll delve into some other illuminating translations--until then, I have to say that this should be required reading for anyone interested in philosophy or Eastern classics.¤

3) Hardcover Book A Taoist Classic: Chuang-Tzu by Foreign Languages Pr. My impression upon first reading this work is that the material could be differently, and perhaps better, translated.¤

4) Hardcover Book A Taoist Classic: Chuang-Tzu by Foreign Languages Pr. This is a very different book than the Lao Tzu. It´s written in a much less poetic style, but I find Chuang Tzu more readable for that reason. The style is more conversational, and well rendered into contemporary English by Burton Watson.

These inner chapters contain only the core of a much longer work. Over the 2200 years since its writing, many accretions had crept into the work, including commentaries and addenda by other authors. Watson strips those away and leaves only the central and most vivid writings. Some of those may already be familiar to today´s reader. For example, this book originates the man dreaming to be a butterfly dreaming to be a man. Chuang Tzu offers many more of these anecdotes, too long to be analogies but too short for fables. He also calls on the history and mythology of his time - not always distinct from each other - and creates mythology of his own, whether he meant to or not.

That mythology lived on in Chinese alchemy, when Chuang Tzu´s magical sages were taken as literal beings. Chuang Tzu lived on, too, in Taoism´s eventual alignment with Buddhism. His cryptic, non sequitur style of answer seems to foreshadow the koans of the distinctly Chinese and Japanese schools of Buddhism.

This is a wonderful complement to the Lao Tzu. If that book is the art of enlightenment, then this is more like the practical craft. I recommend it highly to any student of eastern classics.

I must add that Chuang Tzu is an older romanization of "Zhuangzi" - different renderings of one name. It is easy to become confused and think that the two were different writers. It is especially confusing since Watson published this same material many years later under the "Zhuangzi" spelling (ISBN 0231129599). While I have the highest respect Burton´s scholarship, I think that this difference-without-a-difference should be made more explicit.

//wiredweird
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5) Hardcover Book A Taoist Classic: Chuang-Tzu by Foreign Languages Pr. Anyone who may be coming to Chuang Tzu for the first time is in for a treat. Although Chuang Tzu is sometimes described as the most brilliant of all Chinese philosophers, what we find in him isn´t what we normally understand by ´Philosophy´ and isn´t technical at all.

His appeal is not so much to the intellect as to the imagination, and he chose as a vehicle for his philosophical insights, not tedious and lengthy abstract treatises, but brief and witty anecdotes and dialogues and tales. His humor, sophistication, literary genius, and philosophical insights found their perfect expression in his brilliant fragments, and once having read them you never forget them.

Not much is known about Chuang Tzu, other than that he seems to have lived around the time of King Hui of Liang (370-319 B.C.). The received text of his book, which is sometimes referred to as ´the Chuang Tzu´ (CT), is made up of thirty-three Chapters. Most scholars seem to feel that the CT is a composite text, and that only the first seven - the Inner Chapters - plus a few bits from the others are Chuang Tzu´s own work, the remainder being by others.

Among the better known of his translators, all of them excellent, are Arthur Waley, Burton Watson, and A. C. Graham, though only the latter two translated the complete text. An abridged version of Watson´s complete translation has now been made available for those who want to confine themselves mainly to the Inner Chapters.

Watson has always struck me as an eminently civilized scholar and as a brilliant translator. Unlike certain others, he wears his scholarship lightly, and doesn´t overburden the text with extraneous matter. His many translations from Ancient Chinese Literature are of uniformly high quality, and are well worth having as they are books one often wants to returns to.

The present book won´t, as I´ve said, give you the whole of Watson´s Chuang Tzu. For that you´ll have to find a copy of his ´Complete Works of Chuang Tzu.´ But it will give you most of what is generally agreed to be Chuang Tzu, and everyone should read it. If you´re not a Chuang Tzu enthusiast before you start, I can guarantee that you´ll be one before you finish.¤

6) Hardcover Book A Taoist Classic: Chuang-Tzu by Foreign Languages Pr. Professor Fung Yu-lan is a distinguished contemporary Chinese philosopher. Chuang-tzu is the textbook he used to teach a course on Chuang Tzu in the Beijing Chinese Language School during the 1920s. The book originally contained the translation of the first seven chapters of the Chuang-tzu and an article entitled "Some Characteristics of the Philosophy of Kuo Hsiang "appeared as an appendix. Chapter Ten, "The Third Phase of Taoism: Chuang Tzu," of Fung Yu-lan´s A Short History of Chinese Philosophy is included as another appendix in the present edition.

The Chuang-tzu, one of China´s most important Taoist works, forms a connecting link between the preceding Book of Lao Tzu and the following Book of Huai Nan Tzu. It brims with ideas by means of images, shedding light on philosophy through the aid of fables. As the seven chapters are consistent in both style and thought, they were obviously written by Chuang Tzu himself, while some of the other chapters of the original Chuang-tzu were written by scholars of later periods or of other schools. Therefore, Chuang Tzu´s philosophical thought is well presented in those seven chapters, while the ideas of the other chapters were incorporated in the translator´s notes. Therefore, the present volume represents ideas discussed in the thirty-three chapters in the original Chuang- tzu.

Professor Fung has, in his translator´s notes, made a comparative study between Western philosophical thought and that of Chuang Tzu with a view to helping readers grasp the core of Chuang Tzu´s writings.¤

Page Updated: Robert N. Goolsby, 18-Nov-2008, 71190010439787119001043, 020-1X0-1X0-900-437-8QB-8

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